# Łęczna *Akta Miasta* 1745–1803 — Jewish extraction
**Companion data file:** `Sheets/Łęczna - 1745-1803 - Akta Miasta.xlsx` — full 31-column extraction, one row per person-mention (71 rows).
**Source.** *Protokół do oblaty różnych dokumentów sporządzony*, 1745–1803. Archiwum Państwowe w Lublinie, **fond 35/44 "Akta miasta Łęcznej"**, reference **35/44/0/1/34**, **jednostka [1753840](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840)**, 76 scans.
Exact-page link template: `…/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=<scan>` (scan number = the `cur=` value).
**What this book is.** Not a vital-records register. It is the **Łęczna church-brotherhood debt/oblata protocol** — obligations to the *Bractwo Bożego Ciała* (Corpus Christi), *Bractwo Różańca* (Rosary) and the Orthodox *Bractwo Cerkiewne*. Most parties are Christian townsfolk and clergy; **Jews appear as debtors, creditors, prior owners and property neighbours**, most signing their cards **in Hebrew** ("po Hebraysku / po Żydowsku podpisany").
**Method.** All 76 scans downloaded (bulk "skany" zip) and read by vision. Scan 6 was cross-checked against the hand transcription in the master project workbook (exact match), then the whole book was read; the main Jewish run (scans 41–45) and disputed readings were personally re-verified. Confidence per person is recorded in the xlsx (`Extractor Internal Notes` column).
## Where the Jews cluster
- **Scan 6** — the earliest single Jewish entry (Daniel Rabinowicz / Leyba Chaimowicz, 1782).
- **Scans 30–45** — the *Corpus Christi* "Karty Żydowskie" run (oblated 1 Dec 1798): the densest section, 1713–1801.
- **Scans 63–75** — the *Rosary* "Karty Żydowskie" run (oblated 1 Dec 1798): older cards 1735–1795. **Many debts appear in both runs** (split between the two brotherhoods) — e.g. Icek Berkowicz ([scan 41](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=41) = [71](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=71)); Naftul Koplowicz ([31](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=31) = [74](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=74)); Froim Michlowicz ([64](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=64)/[67](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=67)); Matys Herszowicz ([41](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=41)/[70](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=70)).
### Highlight — 1748 rabbinical/kahal judgment ([scan 64](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=64)–[65](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=65))
On the order of town-owner **Seweryn Rzewuski** (Wojewoda Wołyński), the **Rabbi of Łęczna and the *machałni* (kahal elders)** issued a Hebrew-signed judgment (1 Aug 1748) dividing 100 zł of brotherhood money across the **Jewish market stalls (*klitki*)** burned in the **1748 town fire**. Stall-holders named: Lejba Majerowicz + widow Żylikowa, widow Chaimkowa, Icek Moszkowicz (ex-Zusman's stall), heirs of Skorowicz the baker, Ela/Ersz Bąchowicz. Geographically anchored on the *rynek* and **Sienna street**.
## Candidate vault matches (patronymic → father reasoning)
**Method.** This book predates Jewish surname adoption (~1821), so its people carry **patronymics only** and can't be matched to the vault's 19th-c fixed surnames directly. But a patronymic *encodes the father's given name* (Rubinowicz = son of Rubin, Koplowicz = son of Kopel, Michlowicz = son of Michel…), so a book person can be tested against the vault's **18th-c Łęczna cohort** on four axes: **place** (Łęczna), **given name**, **father's given name** (from the patronymic), and **era/age**. Matches below are **hypotheses to verify, not proven identities** — a shared patronymic only means a shared father's *name*, and common names (Leyb, Szmul, Abram) recur. Screened against the 157-person Łęczna cohort born/died before 1820.
| Book person(s) | Vault candidate | Reasoning (place + father + era) | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| **Koplowicz** — Leyba (1766), Naftul (1795); **Jakubowicz/Jałubowicz** — Zusman (merchant), Wigdor (1735) | [[Jankiel Kopel (b.1720)]] (7×gg-father) & son [[PLACEHOLDER Joszay Heszel Jakubowicz Koplowicz (b.1734)]] (d.1814 Łęczna) | Son carries *both* Jakubowicz + Koplowicz; "Kopel"→Koplowicz. Same town, overlapping era. No book entry names "Joszay/Heszel" directly → **kin, not identity.** | **Medium** (recorded on profiles) |
| **Mortka Rubinowicz** — father-in-law of Leyba Koplowicz, named 1766 ([scan 35](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=35)) | [[Elo Rubinowicz (b.1719)]] (7×gg-father), son of [[Rubin (b.1694)]] (8×gg-father) | Both = **son of Rubin**, both Łęczna, same generation (Elo b.1719; Mortka had a married daughter by 1766 → b. ~1710–1725). **Candidate brother of Elo.** Bonus: the book records Leyba **Koplowicz** marrying Mortka **Rubinowicz's** daughter — the same two ancestral families (Kopel + Rubinowicz) intermarrying in Łęczna. | **Medium–high** (strongest new lead) |
| **Michlowicz** — Froim (1745/1750) | [[Ichiel Michel Hochberger (b.1739)]] line / "Mendel **Michlowicz** Hochberger" (per [[Jankiel Kopel (b.1720)]] bio) | *Michlowicz* = son of Michel; a Hochberger rabbinic branch used it. **But dates don't fit:** Froim was an adult debtor by 1745, so he can't be a son of Ichiel Michel (b.1739). At most an older-Michel collateral. | **Low / watch** |
| **Szyia Abramowicz** — goldsmith (*złotnik*), 1786 ([scan 72](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=72)) | ~~[[Szyia Segal (b.1740)]]~~ (father of 5×gg-father [[Icek Balter (b.1771)]]) | Same given name + town + plausible age — **but rejected:** Szyia Abramowicz = *son of Abram*, whereas Szyia Segal's father is *Issakhar Berisz Segal*. Father-name mismatch. | **Rejected** |
**Everyone else (~60 individuals).** The great majority of the book's Jews — Rabinowicz, Chaimowicz, Wulfowicz, Mortkowicz, Szmulewicz, Leybowicz (Sapsa, Sraia, Chaim, Tudrys), Ersowicz/Herszowicz, Berkowicz, Zeylikowicz, Majerowicz/Majorowicz, Mortchowicz, Sanelowicz, Cymbla, etc. — have **no counterpart in the current vault**; they are Łęczna locality Jews outside the documented tree (candidates only if a future record ties them in). Recorded here so the negative is explicit, not silently dropped.
## Notable surnames / people (see xlsx for full detail + citations)
Rabinowicz · Chaimowicz · Wulfowicz · Jałubowicz/Jakubowicz · Mortkowicz · Szmulewicz/Szmulowicz · Judkowicz · Leybowicz (Sapsa, Tudrys, Sraia, Chaim) · Koplowicz (Naftul, Leyba) · Rubinowicz · Ersowicz/Herszowicz (Josef, Motyk, Boruch, Matys) · Berkowicz (Icek, Chaim, Herszek) · Janklowicz/Jankielowicz (Mosiek) · Michlowicz (Froim) · Zeylikowicz · Majerowicz/Majorowicz · Mortchowicz (Mejr) · Abramowicz (Skulim; Szyia the goldsmith) · Sanelowicz · Cymbla · Zusmanowicze. Occupations recorded: goldsmith (*złotnik*), tailor (*krawiec*), cap-maker (*czapnik*), baker (*piekarz*), miller (*młynarz*), merchant (*kupiec*), interpreter (*tłumacz*).
## All Jewish names found (71 mentions, with exact scan links)
*Every Jewish person-mention in this book, one row per mention (the same individual recurring across different cases is listed each time). Same data as the companion `Sheets/….xlsx`; click a scan to open the exact page. Confidence reflects the paleography — verify med/low readings against the scan.*
| Scan | Year | Name | Occupation | Role / context | Conf. | Akt · Subject · Relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [sc.6](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=6) | 1782 | **Daniel Rabinowicz** | | debtor / signer | high | akt 1 · subj 1 |
| [sc.6](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=6) | 1782 | **Leyba Chaimowicz** | | prior debt-holder | high | akt 1 · subj 2 — prior debt-holder on subject 1's house (debt now assumed by subject 1) |
| [sc.18](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=18) | 1788 | **Gdal** | | adjacent plot owner ('plac Zyda Gdala') | high | akt 2 · subj 1 — boundary neighbour (plot adjoins the mortgaged house) |
| [sc.30](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=30) | 1801 | **Mortka Czarny Wulfowicz** | | debtor / signer | high | akt 3 · subj 1 |
| [sc.30](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=30) | 1801 | **Sapsa Leybowicz** | | deceased neighbour (east kamienica) | high | akt 3 · subj 2 — boundary neighbour (deceased; kamienica adjoins subject 1 on the east) |
| [sc.30](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=30) | 1760 | **Medel Sapsowicz** | | prior purchaser (recited 1760 debt history) | med | akt 4 · subj 1 — prior purchaser named in the Zalescy debt history; house of Medel is a boundary |
| [sc.31](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=31) | 1795 | **Naftul Koplowicz** | | debtor / signer | high | akt 5 · subj 1 |
| [sc.33](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=33) | 1713 | **Zusman Jalubowicz** | merchant (kupiec) | debtor / signer (with wife) | high | akt 6 · subj 1 |
| [sc.33](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=33) | 1713 | **[unnamed wife of Zusman Jalubowicz]** | | co-debtor (wife) | low | akt 6 · subj 2 — wife / co-debtor of subject 1 |
| [sc.33](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=33) | 1773 | **Abus Mortkowicz** | | debtor / signer (assumes Zusman's debt) | high | akt 6 · subj 3 — later assumed subject 1's stall debt (signed 1773) |
| [sc.33](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=33) | 1760 | **Judka Szmulewicz** | | debtor / signer (with son) | high | akt 7 · subj 1 |
| [sc.33](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=33) | 1760 | **Sapsa Judkowicz** | | co-debtor (son of Judka Szmulewicz) | high (your hand reading 'Sapsa Judkowicz') | akt 7 · subj 2 — son / co-debtor of subject 1 |
| [sc.34](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=34) | 1765 | **Judka Szmulewicz** | | debtor / signer | high | akt 8 · subj 1 |
| [sc.34](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=34) | 1766 | **Leyba Koplowicz** | | debtor / signer | high | akt 9 · subj 1 |
| [sc.35](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=35) | 1766 | **Mortka Rubinowicz** | | father-in-law of Leyba Koplowicz; original debtor | high | akt 9 · subj 2 — father-in-law of subject 1; original debtor whose debt subject 1 assumes |
| [sc.35](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=35) | 1761 | **Zusman (Mlynarz / the Miller)** | miller (mlynarz) | deceased creditor of M. Krytowicz | high | akt 10 · subj 1 — deceased Jewish creditor of Krytowicz; debt disputed by his heirs |
| [sc.36](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=36) | 1761 | **[2 sons] Zusmanowicze** | | heirs of Zusman the Miller; parties to debt dispute | med | akt 10 · subj 2 — two sons / heirs of subject 1; co-sign the debt cession |
| [sc.36](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=36) | 1769 | **Josef Ersowicz** | | debtor / signer (with wife) | high | akt 11 · subj 1 |
| [sc.36](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=36) | 1769 | **Mala(?)** | | wife of Josef Ersowicz | low | akt 11 · subj 2 — wife / co-debtor of subject 1 |
| [sc.37](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=37) | 1769 | **Motyk(?) Ersowicz** | | debtor / signer | med | akt 12 · subj 1 |
| [sc.37](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=37) | 1769 | **Boruch (Boyuch) Ers** | | Jewish neighbour of Motyk Ersowicz | med | akt 12 · subj 2 — boundary neighbour (plot adjoins subject 1) |
| [sc.38](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=38) | 1773 | **Sapsa Leybowicz** | | debtor / signer | high | akt 13 · subj 1 |
| [sc.38](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=38) | 1780 | **Zusman Szmulowicz** | | debtor / signer | high | akt 14 · subj 1 |
| [sc.39](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=39) | 1780 | **Chaim Berkowicz** | | buyer of ex-Woycil house (locational reference) | high | akt 14 · subj 2 — boundary reference (bought the ex-Woycil house opposite subject 1's property) |
| [sc.40](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=40) | 1781 | **Mosiek Janklowicz** | | debtor / signer | high | akt 15 · subj 1 |
| [sc.40](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=40) | 1781 | **Mortka Czarny Wulfowicz** | | debtor / signer | high | akt 16 · subj 1 |
| [sc.40](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=40) | 1781 | **Wolf & Tanchana** | | Jewish stall neighbours | med | akt 16 · subj 2 — boundary neighbours (stalls adjoin subject 1's kramnica) |
| [sc.41](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=41) | 1782 | **Matys Hersowicz** | | debtor / signer | high (personally verified) | akt 17 · subj 1 |
| [sc.41](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=41) | 1785 | **Icek Berkowicz** | | debtor / signer | high (personally verified) | akt 18 · subj 1 |
| [sc.41](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=41) | 1756 | **Tudrys Leybowicz** | | prior (deceased) debtor | high | akt 18 · subj 2 — prior deceased debtor (1756) whose debt rests on subject 1's plot |
| [sc.41](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=41) | 1785 | **[Sanelowicze] Sanelowicz** | | Jewish neighbour family ('miedza Niewiernych Sanelowiczow') | med (personally verified spelling 'Sanelowiczow') | akt 18 · subj 3 — boundary neighbour family (adjoins subject 1's kamienica) |
| [sc.42](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=42) | 1790 | **Leyzor Mortkowicz** | | debtor / signer | high (personally verified). NOTE: your hand row cur=42 'Mortko Moszkowicz' is a misread - the page reads Leyzor Mortkowicz. | akt 19 · subj 1 |
| [sc.42](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=42) | 1786 | **Boruch Erszowicz** | | debtor (margin note) | med | akt 20 · subj 1 — debtor (margin note) |
| [sc.42](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=42) | 1788 | **Abram Lubosz** | | debtor (margin note) | med | akt 21 · subj 1 — debtor (margin note) |
| [sc.43](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=43) | 1793 | **Sraia Leybowicz** | | debtor / signer | high (personally verified) | akt 22 · subj 1 |
| [sc.44](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=44) | 1793 | **Icek Josefowicz** | | debtor / signer | high (personally verified) | akt 23 · subj 1 |
| [sc.45](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=45) | 1795 | **Chaim Leybowicz** | | debtor / signer | high (personally verified) | akt 24 · subj 1 |
| [sc.45](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=45) | 1795 | **Leyba Majorowicz** | | prior owner of the plot | med | akt 24 · subj 2 — prior owner of the plot on which subject 1's debt rests |
| [sc.63](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=63) | 1735 | **Wigdor Jakubowicz** | | debtor / signer | high | akt 25 · subj 1 |
| [sc.63](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=63) | 1735 | **Moszko (Tlumacz)** | tlumacz (interpreter) | interpreter present at the act | med | akt 25 · subj 2 — interpreter present at the act |
| [sc.64](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=64) | 1745 | **Froim Michlowicz** | | debtor / signer | high | akt 26 · subj 1 |
| [sc.64](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=64) | 1745 | **Zusman** | | Jewish neighbour of Froim Michlowicz; former stall-holder | high | akt 26 · subj 2 — boundary neighbour (adjoins subject 1) |
| [sc.64](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=64) | 1745 | **Jones Ciecierewa(?)** | | Jewish neighbour of Froim Michlowicz | med | akt 26 · subj 3 — boundary neighbour (adjoins subject 1 on the other side) |
| [sc.64](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=64) | 1748 | **[Rabbi of Leczna + machalni]** | Rabbi & kahal elders (machalni) | Jewish authority issuing judgment | high | akt 27 · subj 1 — Jewish authority (Rabbi & kahal board) issuing the burned-stall judgment |
| [sc.65](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=65) | 1748 | **Ela / Ersz Bachowicz(?)** | | Jewish market-stall holder (klitka 1) | low | akt 27 · subj 2 — market-stall holder assessed a share (klitka 1) |
| [sc.65](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=65) | 1748 | **Lejba Majerowicz** | | Jewish market-stall holder (klitka 2, jointly with widow Zylikowa) | high | akt 27 · subj 3 — market-stall holder assessed a share (klitka 2, jointly with subject 4) |
| [sc.65](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=65) | 1748 | **[widow] Zylik (widow of)** | | Jewish widow, co-holds klitka 2 | med | akt 27 · subj 4 — widow co-holding klitka 2 with subject 3 |
| [sc.65](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=65) | 1748 | **[widow] Chaim/Chaimek (widow of)** | | Jewish widow, holds klitka 3 | med | akt 27 · subj 5 — widow holding klitka 3, assessed a share |
| [sc.65](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=65) | 1748 | **Icek Moszkowicz** | | Jewish market-stall holder (ex-Zusman's stall) | high | akt 27 · subj 6 — market-stall holder (ex-Zusman's stall), assessed a share |
| [sc.65](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=65) | 1748 | **[heirs of] Skorowicz** | baker (piekarz) | Jewish baker's estate holds klitka 3 charge | low | akt 27 · subj 7 — baker's estate holding a stall charge (klitka 3 remainder) |
| [sc.65](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=65) | 1749 | **Mejr Mortchowicz** | citizen of Leczna | debtor / signer (for wife & heirs) | high | akt 28 · subj 1 |
| [sc.66](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=66) | 1749 | **Rafal (Starozakonny)** | | prior (deceased) Jewish owner of the plot | high | akt 28 · subj 2 — prior deceased Jewish owner of subject 1's market plot (bought from his heirs) |
| [sc.66](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=66) | 1749 | **Lejba (Krawiec)** | tailor (krawiec) | Jewish neighbour of Mejr Mortchowicz's plot | high | akt 28 · subj 3 — boundary neighbour (adjoins subject 1's plot) |
| [sc.66](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=66) | 1749 | **Jakub Czapnik** | cap-maker (czapnik) | Jewish neighbour of Mejr Mortchowicz's plot | med | akt 28 · subj 4 — boundary neighbour (adjoins subject 1's plot on the other side) |
| [sc.67](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=67) | 1750 | **Froim Michlowicz** | | debtor / signer | high | akt 29 · subj 1 |
| [sc.67](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=67) | 1761 | **Lupian Szmulowicz** | | prior debtor (margin note) | med | akt 30 · subj 1 — prior debtor (margin note) |
| [sc.68](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=68) | 1762 | **Aron Cymbla** | | debtor (margin note) | med | akt 31 · subj 1 — debtor (margin note) |
| [sc.68](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=68) | 1763 | **Leyba Zeylikowicz** | | debtor / signer | high | akt 32 · subj 1 |
| [sc.68](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=68) | 1763 | **Leyba Chaimowicz** | | prior owner (sold house to Leyba Zeylikowicz) | med | akt 32 · subj 2 — prior owner (sold the house carrying the charge to subject 1) |
| [sc.69](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=69) | 1769 | **Matys Erszowicz** | | donor/debtor (margin note); 'Zyd Matys' | high | akt 33 · subj 1 — donor/debtor (margin note) |
| [sc.69](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=69) | 1781 | **Moszek Jankielowicz** | | debtor / signer | high | akt 34 · subj 1 |
| [sc.70](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=70) | 1782 | **Matys Herszonowicz** | | debtor / signer | high | akt 35 · subj 1 |
| [sc.70](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=70) | 1782 | **Skulim Abramowicz** | | debtor / signer | high | akt 36 · subj 1 |
| [sc.71](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=71) | 1785 | **Icek Berkowicz** | | debtor / signer | high | akt 37 · subj 1 |
| [sc.72](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=72) | 1786 | **Szyia Abramowicz** | goldsmith (zlotnik) | debtor / signer | high | akt 38 · subj 1 |
| [sc.72](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=72) | 1786 | **Matys (niewierny)** | | Jewish neighbour of Szyia Abramowicz | med | akt 38 · subj 2 — boundary neighbour (adjoins subject 1) |
| [sc.73](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=73) | 1786 | **Boruch Herszowicz** | | debtor / signer (with wife) | high | akt 39 · subj 1 |
| [sc.73](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=73) | 1786 | **Herszek Berkowicz** | | Jewish neighbour of Boruch Herszowicz's shops | med | akt 39 · subj 2 — boundary neighbour (property adjoins subject 1's shops) |
| [sc.74](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=74) | 1780 | **Abram Lutowski(?)** | | debtor / signer | high | akt 40 · subj 1 |
| [sc.74](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=74) | 1780 | **[Pieban?]** | | Jewish neighbour ('Zyd Pieban na Dulebowym') | low | akt 40 · subj 2 — boundary neighbour (adjoins subject 1) |
| [sc.74](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=74) | 1795 | **Naftul Koplowicz** | | debtor / signer | high | akt 41 · subj 1 |
## Related
- [[Łęczna liquidation table (APL Zbiór tabel likwidacyjnych)]] — the 1866 Jewish house-owner block (fixed surnames; the other end of the Łęczna record chain).
- Part of the **WORKING Leczna Akta Miasta Project** (multi-book PSA extraction). This book = the "1745-1803 (WORKING)" tab.
## Open questions
- Are the book's **Koplowicz / Jakubowicz** debtors kin of [[Jankiel Kopel (b.1720)]]'s Łęczna family? (See profile notes.)
- Is **Mortka Rubinowicz** (book, 1766) a brother of [[Elo Rubinowicz (b.1719)]] — i.e. another son of [[Rubin (b.1694)]]? His daughter married Leyba Koplowicz, linking to the Kopel family above. (Recorded on Elo's profile.)
- Several med/low-confidence readings remain (flagged in the xlsx `Extractor Internal Notes`): Ela/Ersz Bąchowicz, "Pieban" (neighbour, [scan 74](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=74)), Motyk/Mołyk Ersowicz, Abram Lubosz/Lutowski, the two Zusmanowicze brothers' given names, and whether "Motka Cietrzew" (miller, [scan 67](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=67)) is Jewish.
- **Correction to master workbook:** the hand row at `cur=42` reading "Mortko Moszkowicz" (1790) is a misread — [scan 42](https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/1753840?p_p_id=Jednostka&_Jednostka_delta=1&_Jednostka_cur=42) reads **Leyzor Mortkowicz** ("niewierny", citizen of Łęczna).